A centrifugal pump that is used for pumping fire-fighting water is a fire-fighting pump. It is possible to build fire fighting pumps for transportable use e.g. fire fighting vehicles or portable fire pumps.
A Centrifugal pump is designed to shift fluid from one or more powered rotors, called impellers, via the transfer of rotational energy. The impeller’s motion raises the velocity and pressure of the fluid and also drives it towards the outlet of the pump. The pump housing is designed specifically to constrict the fluid from the inlet of the pump, direct it into the impeller and then slow down the fluid before discharge.
A fire fighting pump is part of the battery, diesel-powered water supply of a fire sprinkler system. The intake of the pump is either connected to the piping of the public underground water supply or a static water source
(e.g., tank, reservoir, lake). The pump delivers water flow to the sprinkler system risers and hose standpipes at a higher pressure. Fire fighting pumps operate either with an electric motor or with a diesel engine, or even with a steam turbine. The fire fighting pump begins when the pressure drops below a point in the fire sprinkler system. When one or more fire sprinklers are exposed to heat beyond their design temperature, the pressure of the sprinkler device drops considerably and opens, releasing water. Alternatively, other reels for fire hoses or other firefighting connections are opened, causing a decrease in the main fire fighting strain.
What are the principal characteristics of a centrifugal pump?
Two major pump families exist centrifugal pumps and positive displacement pumps. Centrifugal pumps are typically defined for higher flows and for the pumping of liquids with lower viscosity, down to 0.1 cP, compared to the latter. 90 percent of the pumps in operation would be centrifugal pumps in certain chemical plants. However, as positive displacement pumps are favored, there are varieties of applications.
Through the transfer of rotational energy from one or more powered rotors, called impellers, a centrifugal pump operates. The impeller’s motion raises the velocity and pressure of the fluid and pushes it towards the outlet of the pump. The centrifugal pump, with its basic nature, can be easily understood and is easy to operate and maintain.
Centrifugal pump designs include quick and low-cost solutions for low pressure, high-capacity pumping applications involving low-viscosity fluids such as water, solvents, chemicals, and light oils. Water supply and circulation, drainage, and the transfer of chemicals to petrochemical plants are common applications. For applications involving highly viscous fluids such as thick oils and slurries, particularly at high pressures, for complex feeds such as emulsions, foodstuffs, or biological fluids, and where precise dosing is needed, positive displacement pumps are preferred.
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